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diagnosis differential algorithm clinical management causes ophthalmology physicalexam potassium hyperkalemia video hypokalemia hemorrhage renal syndrome treatment crrt excretion gravis hypophosphatemia
A high-resolution 7.5- 10-MHz or higher linear array ultrasound transducer is used to perform an ocular
A high-resolution ... Emergency ocular ... hemorrhage, or retinal detachment ... #POCUS #ocular # ... retinal #detachment
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... management #potassium #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
creatinine) • Cell shift ... mmol creatinine) High ... effective arterial blood ... Low-normal EABV, High ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Transcellular Shift ... • Normal or High ... Low PTH: - High ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Potassium-rich diet • Blood ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion: • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Transcellular Shift ... Inappropriately High ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion ... #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... - Insulin (high ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
glycosides • High ... dietary intake • Blood ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
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