276 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... Transcellular shifts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... magnesium loss if renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Redistribution/ Shift ... bone syndrome • Renal ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Intracellular Shift ... Renal artery stenosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Transcellular Shift ... CKD Increased Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
• IV Fluids Shift ... (if preserved renal ... management #potassium #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
Hypokalemia - Shift ... Extrarenal Laxatives - Renal ... pump inhibitor - Renal ... Antimicrobials Drug-induced renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Alteration of renal ... - Chronic CRS: Renal ... and VAD induced renal ... hemodialysis and fluids shifts ... Types #cardiology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... Transcellular shift