7789 results
Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Feeling a "pop"
 • Acute
Pathogenesis and clinical ... test + Pivot Shift ... #MSK #Sports #pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts ... • These shifts ... may cause severe clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Normal: < 1% Clinically ... Left Shift: • ... Metamyelocyte (Left Shift ... likelihood of negative clinical ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... Hypophosphatæmia Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
Causes of "Left Shift ... Tolerance #IVFluids #Shift ... #Differential #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology