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diagnosis causes hyperkalemia nephrology treatment high algorithm hematology hypokalemia comparison druginduced edema product pulmonary reactions rhabdomyolysis syndrome abscess anemia bandemia
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... Benyzlpenicillin, blood ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... #Hyperkalemia #management
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e. increased
Curve Left Shift ... • stored red blood ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift ... #Differential #
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm • IV calcium • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt • Consider
Hyperkalemia - Management ... • Consider K+ binder ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Alwavs Repeat Blood ... while drawing blood ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate • Patiromer (veltassa) •
Potassium Binders ... for Management ... cyclosilicate #Potassium ... #Binders #Management ... Hyperkalemia #treatment #pharmacology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... Because digoxin binds ... CaitEKulig #Digoxin #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Can give with blood ... - Citrate in blood ... transcellular shift ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Crush injury • Blood ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... Blood transfusion
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