62 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... nephrology #low #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift ... Hyperkalemia #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... • IV Fluids Shift ... potassium intracellularly ... Sodium bicarbonate Potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... transcellular shifts ... adapt to excess potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
REBEL Review 71: Treatment of Thyroid Storm 

Propranolol 
Esmolol 
Propylthiouracil (PTU) 
Methimazole 
Saturated Solution of Potassium
REBEL Review 71: Treatment ... Saturated Solution of Potassium ... table #management #treatment ... #pharmacology #
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... Hypophosphatæmia Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift ... #Differential #
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... Monitor potassium