1617 results
Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Feeling a "pop"
 • Acute
test + Pivot Shift ... #Injury #MSK #Sports ... #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... K-ATPase which imports ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Knee Examination
Right Knee - Examination maneuvers include the Lachman (ACL), anterior drawer (ACL), Lateral pivot shift,
Lateral pivot shift ... #Diagnosis #Sports
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee

This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PhysicalExam #Sports
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... Hypophosphatæmia Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
Causes of "Left Shift ... Tolerance #IVFluids #Shift ... #Differential #Pathophysiology
Lateral pivot shift test: Valgus stress on knee plus internal/external rotation of knee during knee flexion
Lateral pivot shift ... flexion #Diagnosis #Sports
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology