46 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... losses (NG suction, diarrhea ... #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Intracellular Shift ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding Syndrome ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... Inflammatory Bowel Disease ... endocrinology #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... ) Renal Losses: ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Causes of acute ... Systemic disease ... #management #algorithm ... #workup #diagnosis
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... Transcellular Shift ... acidosis, DKA Kidney Disease ... CKD Increased Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
disease - Renal ... of renal disease ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... #Screening #Workup
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea ... Transcellular Shift ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... volume loss - diarrhea ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea ... Transcellular Shift ... #nephrology #phosphorus ... #workup