11 results
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess ... GH excess prior ... GH excess after ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... #Parathyroid #Hormone ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone ... (GH) Growth Hormone ... excess: - ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate ... Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... - Parathyroid hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... and Differential ... Assess for non-hormonal ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Cholecalciferol - Excess ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... D Related • Excess ... Calcium Intake ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... humoral syndromes Excess ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
excess occurs before ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... islet cell tumor, excess ... Differential Diagnosis ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
low circulating calcium ... or parathyroid hormone ... absent parathyroid hormone ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology