12 results
Hormonal Regulation of the Blood Calcium concentration

#Calcium #Regulation #Parathyroid #Calcitonin #Calcitriol #PTH #Endocrinology #Pathophysiology #Hormones
#Parathyroid #Calcitonin ... #Calcitriol #PTH ... #Endocrinology ... #Pathophysiology ... #Hormones
Effects of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcitonin on Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism

#Parathyroid #hormone #PTH #Calcitonin #phosphate
of Parathyroid hormone ... (PTH) and Calcitonin ... #PTH #Calcitonin ... phosphate #metabolism #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Mechanism of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia. Abbreviations: 1,25(OH)2D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, PTH-related
non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTH ... , parathyroid hormone ... ; PTHrP, PTH-related ... #Pathophys #Diagnosis ... Mechanism #Frequency #Differential
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Various Pituitary path ... • Increased calcitonin ... MultipleEndocrineNeoplasia #Differential ... #Endocrinology ... Classification #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Diagnosis Framework ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... Assess for other hormonal ... Assess for non-hormonal ... #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... - Parathyroid hormone ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Hypercalcemia - Hormones ... and Pathophysiology ... Ca2+, ↑ PO4- PTH ... Ca2+, ↓ PO4- Calcitonin ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy ... - Pathophysiology ... PTH-mediated ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #algorithm
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... /lsotretinoin Malignancy ... • PTH-Related ... #Endocrinology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
Arterial Thrombosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #hematology #differential ... #diagnosis #vascular