18 results
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... - Diabetes Insipidus ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... #Sodium #nephrology
Diabetes Insipidus - Diagnosis Algorithm
Tests:
 • Osmolality, Urine AND/OR
 • Osmolality, Serum or Plasma AND
 •
Diabetes Insipidus ... Plasma AND • Sodium ... Osmolality, Urine 1- ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... • Euvolemic: Diabetes ... insipidus (central ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
• Drugs • Diabetic ... PHA type l/type 2 ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology #potassium ... #differential
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Insipidus Hypodipsia ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine osmolality = 2 ... 100 mosm/kg • Diabetes ... Insipidus • Primary ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... #nephrology #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes ... insipidus - Vasopressin ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis (type 1 ... of 2), Ureterosigmoidostomy ... , Diabetic ketoacidosis ... #potassium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
, Dehydration: neurologic ... water unavailable 2) ... post-obstructive 3) Diabetes ... Insipidus: neurogenic ... #sodium