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diagnosis differential algorithm clinical management hematology workup pocus causes hepatology ultrasound pathophysiology microscopy treatment anemia nephrology blood cardiology pulmonary syndrome
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes: Conditions with Abnormal RBCs: •
with Abnormal RBCs ... : • Abnormal RBC ... • Spherocytosis ... Xerocytosis • RBC
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Morphology Microcytic RBC ... sometimes) Macrocytic RBC ... Bite Cell RBC: G6PD ... Spherocyte: Hereditary spherocytosis
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 1) DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes •
↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... schizocytes, Positive → spherocytosis
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Spherocytes - Hereditary spherocytosis ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
hypertension • Unusual RBC ... acanthocytes - Consider RBC ... disorder (hereditary spherocytosis
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
• Hereditary spherocytosis ... elliptocytosis - RBC
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
• Intrinsic RBC ... e.g. hereditary spherocytosis
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key - Squamous Epithelial Casts - Transitional Epithelial Cells - Renal Tubular
- Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Blood Loss • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA) Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial cells, pH #Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC,
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