51 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... villous adenomas • Renal ... • Severe potassium ... <2 mmol/L) #Metabolic
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
- Differential Diagnosis ... with short bowel syndrome ... ketoacidosis Renal ... acids in advanced renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
Classification of ... and Treatment of Metabolic ... 8.0 mg/dL • Potassium ... Intravenous fluids • Renal ... #TLS #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Primary #Metabolic ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Familial renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology