102 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified ... Algorithm #Workup #urology ... #blood #urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... osmolarity If cause ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... thrombosis • Renal ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine # ... blood
Causes of Frequency, Nocturia, Polyuria

#Frequency #Nocturia #Polyuria #Causes #Differential #Urology #Table
Causes of Frequency ... Nocturia #Polyuria #Causes ... #Differential #Urology ... #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
with previously stable ... heart failure, neurologic ... (blood pressure ... (blood pressure ... Neurologic disorders
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... blood flow: Pre ... KidneyDisease #nephrology ... #Effects #pathophysiology ... #renal
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
• Increased renal ... Hypoperfusion • Reduced renal ... blood flow • ... syndrome #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
artery Backup of blood ... retroperitoneal masses ... Obstruction of blood ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Postrenal PRE-RENAL ... • Sepsis • Blood ... #Differential #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
cell casts - Absent ... cell casts - Present ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis