62 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Causes of Hematuria ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Renal ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #urology
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - Renal ... amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Hematuria ... Nonglomerular #Causes ... #Differential #Urology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology ... #Hematuria #Macroscopic
Causes of Frequency, Nocturia, Polyuria

#Frequency #Nocturia #Polyuria #Causes #Differential #Urology #Table
Causes of Frequency ... Nocturia #Polyuria #Causes ... #Differential #Urology ... #Table
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Proteinuria - ++++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Proteinuria - ++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
osmolarity If cause ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... renal biopsy • ... #causes
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... on ultrasound, Hematuria ... Thrombus (frank hematuria ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Urology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... Hyperreflexia #Testing #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology