23 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Diuretic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Refeeding Syndrome • Acute ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... • Acute Volume ... endocrinology #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... Kidney stones caused ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Partial Dl • Chronic ... Renal Failure ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... (carbonic anhydrase ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Diuretics (discontinued ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
(ALL) • Acute ... • Chronic ... renal failure ... Cyclosporine • Diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... for renal biopsy ... #Workup #urology