14 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
According to Volume Status ... - CHF - Cirrhosis ... - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... With edema • Congestive ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... especially thiazide diuretics ... With edema • Congestive ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Nephrology #Differential
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... flare ups that cause ... #CHF #Congestive
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Assess volume status ... volume loss - diuretics ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... caused by Ca2+ ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
Stages in the development ... therapy by stage ... #CHF #Congestive ... #ACCAHA #Algorithm ... #Management #Cardiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Hypervolemia: Congestive ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
especially in Stage ... but will remain Stage ... Stage B is defined ... are considered Stage ... #CHF #Congestive