46 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... #Classes #NYHA
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... flare ups that cause ... IV symptoms.
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
initial hyperthyroid stage ... thyroiditis that causes ... Initial ‘active’ state ... Hashitoxicosis #Hashimotos #Endocrinology ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
especially in Stage ... With treatment, ... Stage B is defined ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #CHF ... #Classes #NYHA
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, Differential ... According to Volume Status ... hypernatremia - CHF ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes and Treatment

 - Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (most common) / Plasmapheresis 
 - Multiple
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes ... and Treatment ... Phlebotomy - MH/CCF ... Hyperviscosity #Syndrome #Causes ... #Differential #
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Hypertension Stage ... vascular tortuosity Stage ... hyalinization causes ... -> AV nicking Stage ... Cotton-wool Spots Stage
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Post-operative state ... decompensation (CHF ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology