21 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Traditionally, congestive ... to severity of symptoms ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... sometimes advanced treatment
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
Stage D CHF is frequently ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... Stages #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Malnutrition due to chronic ... Post-operative state ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Delirium DDX: • Congestive ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Kidney stones caused ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... : Chronic heart ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... • Acute and chronic ... Papilledema #Chronic ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... Self-limiting, chronic ... but stable or chronic ... Progression to chronic ... cardiac arrest Chronic
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
based solely on symptoms ... With treatment, ... who never show symptoms ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... Classification #Stages #Classes
Most episodes of chronic cough in adults are caused by upper airway cough syndrome (UACS, also
Most episodes of chronic ... patients.8,9 Empiric treatment ... until symptoms ... , treatments should ... #Differential #Table
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : 33% • Treatment ... : No • Treatment