30 results
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
Low TSH, Low ... • Low TSH, normal ... • Low TSH, high ... T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Diagnosis Algorithm ... nutrition), Azotemia LOW ... Diabetes Insipidus • Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... 100 mOsm/kg) • Primary ... solute load #Polyuria ... #causes #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Medications (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... of Water: • Primary ... • Central Dl (Low ... Hypercalcemia Polyuria ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Deprivation Test • Primary ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperthyroidism ... • Insomnia Primary ... Hyperthyroidism ... Diagnosis: • ↓ Low ... Size Thyroid Storm
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
acid <4 • SIADH, Hypothyroidism ... , Low solute intake ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Liddle syndrome #Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology