11 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
pulmonary edema ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... At least 3 of (Acute ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... : Supportive + diuresis ... diagnosis #comparison #table
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... per day until stable ... Loop diuretics for ... Diagnosis #Management #causes ... #treatment #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hyperlipidemia
Nunerous secondary causes of hyperlipidemia exist; screening for the presence of these underlying
storage disease, Stress ... beta-blockers, diuretics ... Glucocorticoid treatment ... Hypothyroidism, Nephrotic syndrome ... Anorexia nervosa, Acute
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
with presence of pulmonary ... excreted using diuretics ... coronary syndrome ... the determined cause ... #table #foamed
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary

Who?
• 5% of patients
• Dose ≥ 400 mg per day

How?  Possible
pleural effusions • Acute ... toxicity (e.g., acute ... respiratory distress ... syndrome) is rare ... Exclude other causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... hepatitis, or acute ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Treatment Overview ... #Hepatology #Nephrology