10 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... pts under large stresses ... to insulin TX, stresses ... pathophysiology #comparison #endocrinology ... #ketoacidosis #
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... and Management Summary ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... #Ketoacidosis # ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... and Management Summary ... Abdominal pain • Nausea ... #Ketoacidosis # ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
- Pharmacology Summary ... ketoacidosis (DKA ... #Pharmacology #Summary ... #DM2 #diabetes ... #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... pathophysiology #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
• Alcoholic ketoacidosis ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... Glucosuria causes ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology Summary ... agent • Does not cause ... #Pharmacology #Summary ... #DM2 #diabetes ... #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
- Pharmacology Summary ... not definitively cause ... #Pharmacology #Summary ... #DM2 #diabetes ... #endocrinology
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
- Pharmacology Summary ... not definitively cause ... #Pharmacology #Summary ... #DM2 #diabetes ... #endocrinology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
failure (uremia) K Ketoacidosis ... (starvation, diabetic ... ) Causes of Normal ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Interpretation #Diagnosis #Summary