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diagnosis differential algorithm potassium hypokalemia high management table hypernatremia hyponatremia low medications metabolic aniongap classification drugs intercellularshift pharmacology renal workup
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Drugs causing hyperkalemia • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly •
Drugs causing hyperkalemia ... Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes ... Ketoconazole • Sodium ... Drospirenone #Drugs #hyperkalemia ... #medications #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... diuresis • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
gap metabolic acidosis ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... : - Acidosis worsening ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
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