18 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... anion effect: Vomiting ... #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... urinary losses: • High ... Blood Pressure: ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... <20 mEq/24 h - Vomiting ... Algorithm #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Gitelman syndrom, Vomiting ... #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... Crush injury • Blood ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... • Diabetic nephropathy ... #Algorithm #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gastrointestinal: Vomiting ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... , Vomiting, Tinnitus ... Respiratory Alkalosis, High ... Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... • Diarrhea • Vomiting ... #Differential #Diagnosis