31 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Type 1 ... proximal features and high ... Renal #Tubular #Acidosis ... #RTA #types #classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Renal tubular acidosis ... (Types 1 and 2, ... but not type 4) ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Proximal RTA (type ... RTA (type I) ... nephron dysfunction (type
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Metabolic Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Negative U net charge High ... Cell Problem - High ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
Shock Classification ... Distributive: • High ... Blood Loss, GI Losses ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Shock #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Types
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Type A intercalated ... distal RTA - A high ... Hypoaldosteronism (classic ... Renal #Tubular #Acidosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... (RTA): Type ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Villous adenoma - Losses
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... Renal tubular acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes