15 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Acidosis (RTA) Type ... of secretion Type ... proximal features and high ... #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
Shock Classification ... Distributive: • High ... Blood Loss, GI Losses ... Sophia_Hayes_MD #Shock #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Types
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Proximal RTA (type ... RTA (type I) ... #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Negative U net charge High ... Cell Problem - High ... TTKG • RTA Type ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Hyperuricosuria • High ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type ... Nephrolithiasis #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
low/normal Type ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Villous adenoma - Losses ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... Failure • SLE • Type ... Seaweed, Nuts, molasses ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Diabetes #Insipidus #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology
Type 2 Diabetes - Screening, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Lifestyle  Modifications (Diet and Exercise) -> Start
Type 2 Diabetes ... with DM2 • High ... • Secondary Causes ... algorithm #DM2 #DMII #Classification
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Classification: ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly Type ... Prognosis: • High ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology