382 results
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
uric acid (9%), struvite ... Struvite stones, ... and facilitates struvite ... These mutations cause ... uretericcalculus #struvite
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... Uric Acid Stones ... - Struvite Stones ... - 10% of stones ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Microscopy - Kidney Stones ... , CaOx, CaCO3, Struvite ... Diagnosis #Clinical #Stones
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
Causes of Urinary ... carcinoma - Stone ... x-ray] • Struvite ... • Bladder stone ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
calcium-containing stones ... X-rays useful tor stone ... ureteric and renal stones ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
urea which may cause ... supersaturation of urine -> Struvite ... stones (Ca2+, Mg2
Causes of Biliary Dilatation - Differential Diagnosis
 • Physiological: ↑ Age, Cholecystectomy, Opioid dependence, Post-sphincterotomy
 •
Causes of Biliary ... diverticulum, AUPBD • Stones ... : Biliary stone( ... Biliary #Dilatation #causes
Urine sediment with struvite, coffin-shaped stones under light microscopy

#Urine #Sediment #Microscopy #Struvite #Coffin #Clinical #Nephrology
sediment with struvite ... coffin-shaped stones ... Sediment #Microscopy #Struvite
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: • Stone ... and SMA - Can cause ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... Urethra/Prostate Causes ... urinary tract) Causes
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Tetanus Toxin -> Spores ... asymmetric reduction in tone ... within GI and URT causes ... Maternal viremia causes ... evasion techniques cause