69 results
diagnosis differential causes management nephrology algorithm classification pharmacology medications secondary table acidosis high hypercalcemia potassium summary systemic dermatology hyperkalemia hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Transient renal ... - Familial renal ... Mg wasting syndromes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium load - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
or enemas - Treatment ... neonates) - Diabetic ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , Congenital adrenal
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA) • Familial Short
• Turner Syndrome ... • Congenital Adrenal ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–independent Renal ... Other humoral syndromes ... disease - Williams syndrome ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
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 Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... lung cancer • Renal ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... • Euvolemic: Diabetes ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Endocrine • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes • Pituitary Insufficiency • Adrenal
Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes ... Insufficiency • Adrenal ... Metabolic • Renal ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... receptor Distal renal ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Diabetes Mellitus ... insulin in Type 1 Diabetes ... monitors in Type 1 Diabetes ... insulin dose for renal ... comparison #table #endocrinology
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