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diagnosis algorithm nephrology hyperkalemia pharmacology potassium high hypomagnesemia magnesium summary workup classification comparison adrenal agonists aldosterone calcium chronic ckd constipation
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Elevated PTH (High or normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Metformin Pharmacology Summary Mechanisms of Action: • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
agent • Does not cause ... hypoglycemia • Low ... e.g. diarrhea, nausea ... — mitigated by slow ... #diabetes #endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
inhibitors Other causes ... Ketoconazole Low ... Renin - Diabetes ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential ... #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Uncontrolled diabetes ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Water Central Diabetes ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Insufficiency Differential ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency • Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... Diabetes Insipidus ... • Central Dl (Low ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... FeCa <1 %) - Low ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Kidney Disease - Differential ... 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone) - Diabetic Nephropathy - NSAIDs Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low ... ) - Diabetic Nephropathy ... Hypoaldosteronism #Differential ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
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