23 results
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
Approach to Thyroid Function ... normal T4 +/- T3 ... TSH, high T4 +/- T3 ... ophthalmopathy → Graves ... Hyperthyroidism #algorithm
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... hypernatremia - CHF ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
diffuse goiter (Graves ... TSH • ↑ Total T3 ... antibodies (TRAb) if Graves ... psychosis - CHF ... hyperthyroidism #causes
CHF - Left-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Valvular Disease (Preserved Diastolic/Systolic Function)
 • Mitral Stenosis
CHF - Left-Sided ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diastolic/Systolic Function ... Constriction #CHF ... #causes
Diastolic Function Grading - Schematic diastolic filling patterns

I: impaired relaxation, II: moderate diastolic dysfunction (pseudonormal), III:
Diastolic Function ... Dysfunction #Grading #Classification ... #Grades #Criteria ... #Table #Assessment
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... a mass as the cause ... Dislocation • Functional ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Syndrome • Prader-Willi ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... Hepcidin which degrades ... with TSAT <20% (functional ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF ... #Causes
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
Causes of Hypotonic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Neuromuscular Junction ... Transient Myasthenia Gravis ... #Causes #Peds #