11 results
Causes of Orthopnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Fear and Anxiety
 • Pleural Effusion
 • Ascites
- Differential ... pulmonary edema ... CNS lesion: ALS, MS ... Myopathies - Compressive ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... potomania - “Tea ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... diuretics) With edema ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... diuretics) With edema ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg
Causes of Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
 • Volume Expansion: Kidney failure, Pregnancy, Medication
Causes of Peripheral ... Edema - Differential ... Diagnosis Increased ... Heart failure, Pulmonary ... lymphatics, Extrinsic compression
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Edema - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Causes include: ... level <100 pg/ml EKG ... #edema #NCPE #differential
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework ... viscosity > 4 cP ... Epidural Spinal Cord Compression ... Syndrome: • Facial edema ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... output - Acute pulmonary ... edema - Mesenteric ... #Diagnosis #causes
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... ↑ Suspicion -> TEE ... • EKG: Conduction ... Treat underlying cause
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... Differential Diagnosis ... cardiomyopathy • Pulmonary ... orthopnea, PND, LE edema ... relief of IVC compression