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diagnosis differential causes kidney akd aki algorithm alkalosis biomarkers calculation chronic clearance cockcroftgault creatinine definitions equations formulas framework hyperkalemia hyperphosphatemia
Definitions of AKI, CKD, AKD Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): • Increase in SCr by 2 50% within
): • GFR < 60 ... • AKI, OR • GFR ... • Decrease in GFR ... ): • GFR ≥ 60 ... #nephrology #acute
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers ↑ Creatinine: • AKI, CKD • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
Creatinine: • AKI, CKD ... nephroprotective ↓ in GFR ... Medications that ↓ renal ... hyperthyroidism ↓ eGFR ... diagnosis #laboratory #nephrology
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney: • The vasodilatory
maintaining baseline GFR ... setting of modest GFR ... with GFR > 30 and ... avoidance with GFR ... #nephrology #pharmacology
To improve the usefulness of the serum creatinine concentration as a marker of kidney function, prediction
accurately predict GFR ... overestimation of GFR ... as are seen in acute ... used to estimate GFR ... CockcroftGault #EGFR
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 Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
kidney function (eGFR ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... ) • Multiple myeloma ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
t-PA, heparin Acute ... Disease: • AKI, CKD ... Increased Renal ... Hypoparathyroidism, Acromegaly, FGFR ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... status to improve GFR ... sufficient if intact GFR ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... diuretics after renal ... generally indicates a renal ... markedly reduced GFR ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
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