10 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Effects of Prostaglandins and NSAIDs on the Kidney
Effects of Prostaglandins on the Kidney:
 • The vasodilatory
maintaining baseline GFR ... setting of modest GFR ... with GFR > 30 and ... avoidance with GFR ... #nephrology #pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
esp w oliguria / GFR ... Labs: BMP (Assess GFR ... status to improve GFR ... sufficient if intact GFR ... #nephrology #K
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
: • CKD • Poorly ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
kidney function (eGFR ... ) • Multiple myeloma ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
: • CKD • Poorly ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... signal to reduce GFR ... filtration - Renal ... - Decreased GFR
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... (GFR 20-50 ml/min ... Tubular Acidosis ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Intercellular Shift - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transcellular Shift - Appropriate renal excretion (GFR,
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Appropriate renal ... excretion (GFR, ... Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
chronic respiratory acidosis ... diuretics after renal ... other • Severe potassium ... markedly reduced GFR ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology