9 results
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Etiology: • Medications ... VBG (acidosis), CK ... only if no clear cause ... STOP offending medications ... caution in HTN & edema
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
: • CKD • Poorly ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • K sparing diuretics ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
: • CKD • Poorly ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • K sparing diuretics ... Medications 2. ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Pharmacologic Options for Hypercalcemia Associated with Cancer
Rehydration with NS followed by loop diuretics
 • IV normal
Pharmacologic Options ... for Hypercalcemia ... followed by loop diuretics ... saline - Enhances GFR ... and renal excretion
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... edema and capsular ... • Saline May Cause ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Hyperthyroidism, Hypercalcemia ... disease: CKD, acute ... Differential #Diagnosis #indications
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Contact dermatitis (CD ... of acne Medications ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... carcinoma • Multiple myeloma ... Differential #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) - ICU One Pager Summary
Indications (AIEOU):
 • A: Acidosis (usually severe metabolic)
Pager Summary Indications ... derangements (hyperkalemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... Overload (pulmonary edema ... refractory to diuretics