61 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
, Differential Diagnosis ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Table #Causes
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure
Evaluation of Secondary Hypertension
 • Primary aldosteronism - PRA, PAC
 • Renal artery stenosis - Renal
Evaluation of Secondary ... - PRA, PAC • Renal ... artery stenosis - Renal ... fT4 • Cushing syndrome ... Evaluation #workup #diagnosis
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Cushing's syndrome ... - DI, Central Dl ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... Acute or chronic renal
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... • Renal Failure ... Hypovolemic - GI losses, renal
Cancer agents and Electrolyte Disorders
 • Hypocalcemia: Cisplatin from Low Mg, Cetuximab- due to low Mg
Axitinib,
, Imatinib- Secondary ... Hypomaqnesemia: Cisplatin- renal ... and Panitumumab- renal ... : Cisplatin- renal ... #chemotherapy #diagnosis
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Urine Na > 30: Renal ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... hypokalemia - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal ... #Table #Causes