22 results
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
Causes of acute ... kidney injury (AKI ... and interstitial disease ... #Kidney #Injury ... #Sites #Nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Polyneuropathy, Acute ... stroke, Acute spinal ... cord injury Generalized ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury (AKI ... Kidney Injury ( ... Epithelial cell casts ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Kidney #Injury ... #Differential #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
mimics, repeat testing ... • Acute onset ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... to Nephrology if
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
• White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... • Granular casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Kidney Disease ... hydronephrosis on U/S) • Reflux ... Sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... and chronic kidney ... diseases • Fatty ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... • Glomerular disease ... necrosis (causes ... #Kidney #Injury ... Classification #diagnosis #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury ( ... require urgent nephrology ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology