13 results
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
The Hoffmann's reflex ... test itself involves ... #Reflex #Positive ... #Abnormal #clinical ... #video #neurology
A normal plantar reflex response involves toe flexion, or even no movement. A positive test, also
reflex response ... A positive test, ... as a Babinski sign ... #Babinski #Sign ... PhysicalExam #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... → Refer to Nephrology ... to Nephrology if
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
etiology of coma Abnormal ... flexion withdrawal, abnormal ... decortication), abnormal ... • Examine for signs ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... investigations abnormal ... clinical context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
• Meningeal signs ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... arteritis • Acute ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine • MCC- acute ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... bladder and rectal reflex ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... reflexes: Areflexia ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Arboviruses: - West ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... : • Acute meningeal ... signs (fever, nuchal ... differential #diagnosis #neurology