11 results
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology
Environmental Risk Factors: Geographic location, Smoking, Microbial triggers, Xenobiotics, Nail polish
Epigentics Risk
Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis - Pathophysiology ... Smoking, Microbial triggers ... #PBC #Primary #Biliary ... #hepatology
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
serum ascites albumin ... syndrome SAAG < 1.1: Biliary ... SAAG #ascites #albumin ... #gradient #hepatology ... #differential #
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Jaundice - Differential ... on Ultrasound Biliary ... Gallstones • Biliary ... #Jaundice #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #Hepatology
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Normal Values and Interpretation

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) - Liver, cardiac & skeletal
(GGT) - Liver, biliary ... Conjugated/DBili) - Biliary ... conjugation (Gillbert, Crigler-Najjar ... ) Albumin - Plasma ... Interpretation #diagnosis #hepatology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Hypertension - Differential ... INR, bilirubin, albumin ... pregnancy • Primary biliary ... #Hypertension #Differential ... Diagnosis #causes #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... No extrahepatic biliary ... bile ducts Differential ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
Serum Ascites Albumin ... Gradient (SAAG) - Differential ... Tuberculosis - Biliary ... #Gradient #Differential ... #Diagnosis #hepatology
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
Diagnostic Approach and Differential ... Cell count and differential ... , albumin and total ... concentration (bowel or biliary ... #Diagnosis #hepatology
Inherited forms of Hyperbilirubinemia
Major pathways involved in bilirubin production, conjugation, and excretion. Notes: Both the UB
forms are bound by albumin ... Unconjugated Crigler-Najjar ... Hyperbilirubinemia #pathophysiology ... #congenital #hepatology ... #pediatrics #peds
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
the study) • Triggers ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... initiation • Differential ... diagnosis #management #hematology