15 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... , Infection, Autoimmune ... SCVMCMed #AKI #Acute ... #Kidney #Injury
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... • Medications ... #Kidney #Injury
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... and chronic kidney ... Casts - Contains one
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Kidney Injury (AKI ... Kidney Injury ( ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... allopurinol, PPI) • Infections
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
: Secondary to infections ... Prostate cancer • Medications ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... urine #management #treatment ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
casts are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... Urinary tract infections ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Differential #Microscopy
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Transplantation including bone ... Diagnosis: • Infection ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... , ADEM, Acute toxic
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
evaluation should be done ... An acute rise or ... heart failure, neurologic ... kidney injury). ... Neurologic disorders
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine • MCC- acute ... toon • Spinal infection ... decreased rectal tone ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... diagnosis #causes #neurology