21 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Diabetes Pathophysiology and Medication Targets

The ominous octet is one concept that summarizes the different pathophysiologic pathways
Diabetes Pathophysiology ... ominous octet is one ... the different pathophysiologic ... #Diabetes #Pathophysiology ... Targets #Drug #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Mechanism of Action for Common Diabetes Medications

 • SGLT2i (Dapagliflozin)
 • TZD (Pioglitazone)
 • Biguanides (Metformin)
#Medications #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
treatment of renal bone ... which reduces bone ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
and stimulating bone ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... amputation and bone ... SGLT2 #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
- Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Calcitriol: • Bones ... : ↑ Bone resorption ... Hypercalcemia #Hormones #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Bisphosphonates for Osteoporosis Treatment or Prevention 

Bisphosphonates are common medications used in the treatment and prevention
turn increase bone ... Schedule #Frequency #Pharmacology ... #Endocrinology