17 results
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
fractured carpal bone ... "pooping duck sign ... common carpal bone ... fracture • Complications ... "pooping duck sign
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... contact between bony ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in one ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... Infertility • Decr Bone ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
degeneration, and cone-shaped ... > Keratoconus Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... • Rizutti's Sign ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology