227 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
stimulation (placenta/Bone ... - Highest • Bone ... Most common symptoms ... - Bone symptoms ... - Drugs - Primary
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... more common than primary ... differently from primary ... Signs/Symptoms:
Cholestatic Liver Disease: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis vs Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

#pathophysiology #pbc #psc #hepatology #comparison
Cholestatic Liver Disease ... : Primary Biliary ... Cirrhosis vs Primary ... Cholangitis #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... resorption: • Primary ... failure, Addison's disease ... due to decreased urinary ... Granulomatous diseases
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... with systemic diseases ... (SLE) Signs / Symptoms ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Gauchers #Disease ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Primary hypoadrenalism (Addison’s disease) – symptoms, signs

#Diagnosis #Hypoadrenalism #Addisons #Disease #Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms

** GrepMed Recommended Text:
Primary hypoadrenalism ... (Addison’s disease ... ) – symptoms, signs ... Hypoadrenalism #Addisons #Disease ... Hypoadrenalism #Signs #Symptoms