38 results
Calcium Homeostasis

Serum Calcium - PTH - Vitamin D Regulation

#Calcium #Homeostasis #Pathophysiology #Autoregulation #VitaminD #PTH #Endocrinology
Calcium Homeostasis ... Serum Calcium ... - PTH - Vitamin ... Autoregulation #VitaminD ... #PTH #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Vitamin D, ↓Phosphate ... , ↓Vitamin D, ↑↓ ... signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
Calcium homeostasis ... increase serum calcium ... and stimulating bone ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology ... #Calcium #Homeostasis
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone ... Other • Excess Calcium ... #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cholecalciferol - Excess Vitamin ... Miscellaneous - Bone ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #causes #endocrinology
Rachitic Rosary of Rickets on Physical Exam

Bead-like prominences of bone are seen at the costochondral joints.
prominences of bone ... A lack of calcium ... #chest #Ribs #VitaminD ... #deficiency #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... metastases, Hungry bone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #calcium
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
PTH) Effect in Calcium ... and Phosphorus Calcium ... absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased bone ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... alkali syndrome • Vitamin ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... D) Increased bone ... Paget's disease of bone ... Multiple myeloma (bone ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology