126 results
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease ... Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
with possible symptoms ... • Secondary effusion ... Patellofemoral #Syndrome #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Systemic disease ... SLE - Behcet Disease ... - Aneurysmal bone ... #differential #diagnosis
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Highest • Bone ... Most common symptoms ... - Bone symptoms ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Main Lung Ultrasound differences between COVID-19 involvement and other conditions that may yield respiratory symptoms
 •
Main Lung Ultrasound ... yield respiratory symptoms ... Large pleural effusion ... #POCUS #Lung #Ultrasound ... Comparison #Table #Diagnosis
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... production -> Joint effusion ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... Cardiovascular disease ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... Malnutrition • Wilson's disease ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Difficulty walking Diagnosis