20 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... /osteoporosis, Kidney ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... resorption in the bone ... reabsorption in kidney ... Cell of lung, Renal
Horseshoe Kidney on Transverse Abdominal POCUS

Dr. Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM

#Horseshoe #Kidney #Transverse #Abdominal #POCUS #Renal #Ultrasound #Clinical
Horseshoe Kidney ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM ... #Horseshoe #Kidney ... Abdominal #POCUS #Renal ... #Ultrasound #Clinical
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... Chronic liver or kidney ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
tubule of the kidney ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
- Highest • Bone ... Intestine • Kidney ... Most common symptoms ... Pregnancy - Renal ... symptoms - Pain
Normal prominent medullary pyramids on renal POCUS
No hydronephrosis. Has prominent medullary pyramids. They can appear markedly
medullary pyramids on renal ... they taper toward renal ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM ... #kidney #POCUS ... #clinical #ultrasound
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Pathologic fractures Renal ... , Incr renal [Ca2 ... Nephrolithiasis (Kidney ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Autosomal dominant PCKD with liver involvement on Renal Ultrasound
Multiple anechoic cysts seen in the kidney and
Ultrasound Multiple ... cysts seen in the kidney ... Robert Jones @RJonesSonoEM ... #kidney #cystic ... #disease #Ultrasound
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
phosphorous in bones ... high-resolution ultrasound ... Disease #Signs #Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology