22 results
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
upper limb) • Nutritional ... risk factor for nutritional ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Musculoskeletal: Low bone ... drkeithsiau #Copper #Deficiency ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... decr activity, nutrition ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... storage disorder • Deficiency ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency ... Mucous membranes • Bone ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... vasculitis Treatment
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
hypothyroidism • Zinc deficiency ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... Pernicious anemia/B12 deficiency ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... alissa_shega #iron #deficiency
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... lipolysis Signs/Symptoms ... : • GH deficiency ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
= Hypocellular bone ... anemia, GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... aplastic anemia Treatment ... • Improve the symptoms