52 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... Headaches, bone pain, fever ... - infiltrates (anemia ... plaques) AML Dx ... Lymphadenopathy • HSM • Fevers
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Causes of Neutropenia ... malignancies • Infection ... Myelofibrosis Stem cell ... Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
- Differential ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... ITP • SLE • CLL ... Vasculitis • Infection ... #Hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Orange or Hep C Clinical ... Lymphadenopathy • Fevers ... weeks without infection ... Scoring system: DDX ... • Neutropenia, anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
- Differential ... DAT (-) → Sickle Cell ... Recent travel/Fevers ... , DAT (-) → Infection ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... - Differential ... Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection ... malignancies • Anemia ... myeloid leukemia (CML
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... Diagnosis Infectious ... : • Rheumatologic ... Mediterranean Fever
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Clinical Presentation ... • Symptoms of anemia ... younger pts) Differential ... Symptoms: High fevers ... #hematology #diagnosis
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... • Sickle cell ... circulation - Infections ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia ... #Hematology