42 results
Ossification of Carpal Bones

It’s always tricky to remember the age of ossification of the carpal bones
Carpal Bones ... of the carpal bones ... of the bones of ... -6-7 years for Triquetral ... #Carpal #Bones
Age of Ossification of Carpal Bones
Capitate - 1 Month
Hamate - 2 Months
Triquetral - 3 Years
Lunate -
of Carpal Bones ... Hamate - 2 Months Triquetral ... of the carpal bones ... #Age #Carpal #Bones ... diagnosis #msk #pediatrics
Triquetral Fracture
The triquetrum is the second most commonly fractured carpal bone. Look for the "pooping duck
The triquetrum ... fractured carpal bone ... "pooping duck sign ... common carpal bone ... "pooping duck sign
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... , Fragile bones/ ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... chondrocytes -> Incr ossification ... activates lipolysis Signs ... endocrinology #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diagram of different types of bone tumors that can occur around the knee on XRay
Age <
different types of bone ... Simple/unicameral bone ... • Aneurysmal bone ... blade of grass sign ... ) • Enostosis/bone
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... architecture -> Palpable bony ... contact between bony ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome Signs ... Infertility • Decr Bone ... Syndrome #genetics #pathophysiology ... #peds #pediatrics