12 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
High Aldosterone: Malignant ... Renin secreting tumor ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperaldosteronism: malignant ... Renin-secreting tumor ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Overload → Loop diuretic ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... #Treatment #algorithm ... #management #endocrinology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Algorithm Acidosis ... Diuretics (discontinued ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... ↑ Aldosterone: Malignant ... Renin secreting tumor ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia
 • Aggressive IV hydration
 • IV Bisphosphonate +/- Calcitonin
 • Renal
Treatment algorithm ... hypercalcemia ... overload: Loop diuretic ... #treatment #management ... #algorithm #malignancy
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... Aldosterone • Malignant ... Renin-Secreting Tumor ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Loop diuretics for ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology