17 results
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Protein) • AIN: Medication ... • Obstruction (Tumor ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... Renin-secreting tumor ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Algorithm Acidosis ... Diuretics (discontinued ... Renin secreting tumor ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renin secreting tumor ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... • Structural: Tumor ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... #Causes #neurology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renin-secreting tumor ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... wasting from other causes ... Renin secreting tumor ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Treatment algorithm ... Overload → Loop diuretic ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... #Treatment #algorithm ... #management #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... Etiology: • Medications ... only if no clear cause ... STOP offending medications ... #nephrology #K