31 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renin secreting tumor ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
- Refeeding Syndrome ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) - Pathophysiology:
→ Massive tumor cell lysis
→ Release of large amounts of K+,
Tumor lysis syndrome ... (TLS) - Pathophysiology ... : → Massive tumor ... #TumorLysis #syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... (TLS) Tumor Cell ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Renin secreting tumor ... ↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Renin secreting tumor ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
, Gitelman's syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Renin-secreting tumor ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #causes #low #potassium
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... Lysis Syndrome: ... • Pathophysiology
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
, Orbital apex syndrome ... URGENT: Brainstem tumor ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology